![]() The continuous flow of air reduces negative pressure and prevents gastric mucosa from being drawn into the catheter, which causes mucosal damage. One lumen is used to empty the stomach, and the other lumen is used to provide a continuous flow of air. The Salem Sump has a double-lumen that includes a venting system. Large-bore nasogastric tubes, such as the Salem Sump, are used for gastric decompression. See Figure 17.3 for an image of a small-bore feeding tube.Īn example of a large-bore nasogastric tube is the Salem Sump. NG tubes are secured externally on the patient’s nose or cheek by adhesive tape or a fixation device, so this area should be assessed daily for signs of pressure damage. NG tubes used for feeding and medication administration are small and flexible, whereas NG tubes used for suctioning are larger and more rigid. ![]() NG tubes can be used for feeding, medication administration, and suctioning. ![]() įigure 17.2 Types and Placement of Enteral TubesĪ nasogastric (NG) tube is a single- or double-lumen tube that is inserted into the nasopharynx through the esophagus and into the stomach. ![]() Some institutions also place nasoduodenal (ND) tubes to provide long-term enteral nutrition. NG tubes are typically used for a short period of time (less than four weeks), whereas PEG and PEJ tubes are inserted for long-term enteral nutrition. See Figure 17.2 for an illustration of common enteral tubes. Three commonly used enteral tubes are the nasogastric tube, the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube, and the percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ) tube. There are several different types of enteral tubes based on their location in the gastrointestinal system, as well as their function. Parenteral nutrition is administered via a large central intravenous line, typically the subclavian or internal jugular vein, because it is irritating to the blood vessels. This combination of solutions is called total parenteral nutrition because it supplies complete nutritional support. A lipid solution is typically administered as a separate infusion. Parenteral nutrition is a concentrated intravenous solution containing glucose, amino acids, minerals, electrolytes, and vitamins. Patients who are not candidates for enteral nutrition are prescribed parenteral nutrition. If the duration of feeding is longer than four weeks or if access through the nose is contraindicated, a surgery is performed to place the tube directly through the gastrointestinal wall (for example, PEG or PEJ tubes). Hypercatabolic states (such as in severe burns) įor short-term feeding, NG tubes are used.Oropharyngeal or esophageal obstruction (such as in head or neck cancer).Respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation.Impaired swallowing (such as from a stroke or Parkinson’s disease).For example, enteral feeding is commonly used for patients with the following conditions: Feedings can be administered via enteral tubes placed into the stomach or into the small intestine (usually the jejunum). Enteral NutritionĮnteral nutrition is indicated for patients who need nutritional supplementation and have a functioning gastrointestinal tract, but cannot swallow food safely. ® SEAHAWKS, SEAHAWKS LOGO, SPIRIT OF 12, WE ARE 12, BRING ON THE 12, LEGION OF BOOM, 12 and 12S are trademarks of the Seattle Seahawks.For more information about the digestive function of the gastrointestinal system, visit the “ Gastrointestinal System” chapter in Open RN Nursing Pharmacology. ![]()
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